Who discovered proton and neutron ? How to discovered proton and neutron ? What is canal ray? What is anode ray ? | Inorganic chemistry | chemistry.

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              Inorganic Chemistry |Chemistry

 Discovery of Protons and Neutrons

          Electrical discharge carried out in the modified cathode ray tube led to the discovery of canal rays and anode rays carrying positively charged particles. The characteristics of these positively charged particles are listed below.

     (i) Unlike cathode rays, mass of positively charged particles depends upon the nature of gas present in the cathode ray tube. These are simply the positively charged gaseous ions. 

     (ii) The charge to mass ratio of the particles depends on the gas from which these originate. 

     (iii) Some of the positively charged particles carry a multiple of the fundamental unit of electrical charge.

     (iv) The behaviour of these particles in the magnetic or electrical field is opposite to that observed for electron or cathode rays.

         The smallest and lightest positive ion was obtained from hydrogen and was called proton. This positively charged particle was characterised in 1919. Later, a need was felt for the presence of electrically neutral particle as one of the constituent of atom. These particles were discovered by Chadwick (1932) by bombarding a thin sheet of beryllium by a-particles. When electrically neutral particles having a mass slightly greater than that of protons were emitted. He named these particles as neutrons. The important properties of all these fundamental particles are given below.

      Electron :-

   Symbol of Electron is "e".

   Absolute change of Electron is "-1.602176×10^-19 kg ".

   Mass of Electron is 9.109382×10^-31 kg ".

      Proton :-

   Symbol of Protron is "p".

   Absolute change of Protron is "+1.602176×10^-19 kg ".

   Mass of Protron is "1.6726216×10^-27 kg ".

    Neutron :- 

   Symbol of Neutron is "n".

   Absolute change of neutron is "0 kg".

   Mass of Neutron is "1.674927×10^-27 kg ".

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