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              Inorganic chemistry | chemistry Change to Mass Ratio of Electron             In 1897, British physicist J.J. Thomson measured the ratio of electrical charge ( e ) to the mass of electron ( m e ) by using cathode ray tube and applying electrical and magnetic field perpendicular to each other as well as to the path of electrons. When only electric field is applied, the electrons deviate from their Path and hit the cathode ray tube at point A. Similarly when only magnetic field is applied, electron strikes the cathode ray tube at point C. By carefully balancing the electrical and magnetic field strength, it is possible to bring back the electron to the path which is followed in the absence of electric or magnetic field and they hit the screen at point B. Thomson argued that the amount of deviation of the particles from their path in the presence of electrical or magnetic field depends upon:      ...

What is Antioxidants with Example & health benefits of antioxidants? An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecule. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons or hydrogen from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation produces free radicals which ultimately cause damage to the cell.  What is free radicals ?  The human body is composed of different types of cells and cells are composed of different types of molecules. Molecules consists of one or more atoms joined by chemical bonds. Atoms consist of a nucleus (containing the protons and neutrons) and electrons which surrounds the nucleus in one or more shells. When a substance that has a full outer shell will not enter in chemical reactions, but the substance which do not have full outer shell seek to reach a state of maximum stability. [the maximum number of electrons to be stable in the 1st shell K is 2 (2x? = 2.1 = 2), in the 2nd shell L is 8 (2x? = 2.2°=8) and in the 3rd sh...

 The C Language character Set            A Character denotes any alphabet ,digit or special symbol used to represent information . Figure 2 shows the valid alphabets numbers and special symbols allowed in c. Constants, Variables and Keywords  The alphabets, numbers and special symbols when properly combined form constants, variables and keywords. Let us see what are ‘constants’ and ‘variables’ in C. A constant is an entity that doesn’t change, whereas, a variable is an entity that may change.  In any program we typically do lots of calculations. The results of these calculations are stored in computer’s memory. Like human memory, the computer’s memory also consists of millions of cells. The calculated values are stored in these memory cells. To make the retrieval and usage of these values easy these memory cells (also called memory locations) are given names. Since the value stored in each location may change the names given to these loc...

Generations Of Computers and their Evolutions  ? FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTERS (1949-55) :      The first electronic computer was introduced in 1946 by a team led by Professors Eckert and Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania in U.S.A.-This computer was called Electronic Numerical.integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). It used high speed vacuum tube switching devices. It had a very small memory and  was designed primarily to calculate the trajectories of missiles.  The ENIAC added two digits in around 200 microseconds and multiplied in about 2800 microseconds.   IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAM LOOPS : The first computer was designed and commissioned in 1949  at Cambridge University, U.K. under the leadership of Professor Maurice Wilkes. This computer called EDSAC (Electronic Delay storage Automatic Calculator) used mercury delay lines for storage.      Early in the 1950s, stored programme electronic computers saw commercial manu...

  Excange Regulations of Malaysia            The Exchange rate policy is an important component in the Malaysian FDI promoting framework and in general economic policy. In recent years, Malaysia has substantially opened-up its foreign exchange regime and can now be considered fairly liberal. Bank Negara does not officially peg the Ringgit to certain currencies and the currency floats. However, the bank does intervene in the foreign exchange market in order to avoid rapid fluctuations in coherence with its policy to maintain a stable value of the Ringgit. This is achieved by comparing the market value to an unknown trade-weighted basket of currencies (Bureau Of Economic Analysis 1993: 2). Bank Negara has been accused of depreciating the value of the Ringgit in order to promote exports. For instance, in 1993, the bank bought large amounts of US dollars causing the Ringit to depreciate (Cooke 1994: 3). As a result, in 1993 alone, the national bank declare...

Introduction Of Horticulture            भारत दुनिया का  7  वा  सबसे बड़ा देश है जिसका कुल  क्षेत्रफल 328.73  m ha.  है, और 137  करोड़ (2020 ) के बादी है बिष्व  में चीन के बाद दूसरी सबसे बड़ी आबादी वाले देश है  भारत । कुल कृषि करणे  योग्य भूमि 144 m.ha. भारत  मे  55-60% प्रतिशत आबादी कृषि और कृषि के साथ   सम्बन्धित  गतिविधियों पर निर्भर करती है। बागवानी फसलें(Horticulture Crops ) भारत  के कुल कृषि उत्पादन का एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा हैं। बागवानी(Horticulture) शब्द लैटिन शब्दों से लिया गया है: "hortus " जिसका अर्थ है "उद्यान" और "Kalpura " जिसका अर्थ है "खेती"। प्राचीन दिनों में बगीचों को घरों या मकानों  के आसपास ऊंची दीवारों के साथ घिरा हुआ  बाड़ों में रखा जाता  था। ऐसे  स्थानों का उपयोग फलों, सब्जियों, फूलों और सजावटी पौधों को उगाने के लिए किया गया था। इसलिए, मूल अर्थ में "बागवानी संरक्षित स्थानों  के भीतर उद्यान पौधों की खेती को संदर्भित करता है"। वर्त...

The Write First Program  in C Language ? Armed with the knowledge about the types of variables, constants & keywords the next logical step is to combine them to form instructions. However, instead of this, we would write our first C program now. Once we have done that we would see in detail the instructions that it made use of.  what are the Common Rules that are applicable to most of the programs languages ? C program rules that are applicable to most of the programs language :  Before we begin with our first C program do remember the following rules that are applicable to all C programs:  (a) Each instruction in a C program is written as a separate statement. Therefore, a complete  C program would comprise a series of statements.  (b)  The statements m a program must appear m the same order in which we wish them to be executed, unless of course the logic of the problem demands a deliberate ‘jump" or transfer of control to & statement, which i...