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Concept Of Fair Use In Copyright : An introductory study

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 Introduction :  We are living in an era of digital and internet technology where we can share and access different resources from the web or Internet. Due to the easy use and access to these resources many people violate the rules associated with the creative works of the authors. At this point, the law introduces some rights called copyrights to protect their creative works from unauthorized access. Copyright is an Intellectual Property Right tool that protects the legal rights of the authors for their original work whether published or unpublished. It grants the author of the work the legal right to determine how or whether the work will be reproduced, distributed, displayed, or performed. Under copyright, authors are entitled to protection against unauthorized use of their works as well as to a possible share in any earnings from & ow . its use by the public. It also provides moral rights to the author that allow the authors to claim authorship in their works as well a...
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Medicinal alien plants of Arunachal Pradesh : Review , Alien are founded in Arunachal Pradesh

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        Accompanying with the recent rise in transcontinental trading and travelling, an imcreasing number of plants have been either intentionally or unintentionally translocated far from their native areas (Khuroo et al., 2007). Intentional translocation includes the introduction of non-native plants for agricultural or ornamental purpose. Those introduced plants often escape from the cultivated places to wild habitat if the environmental condition permits. Unintentional introduction occurs with the small mobile seeds that dispersed by animals or get mixed in import goods (Khuroo et al., 2007; Sharma et al., 2005).            Those translocated plants in the non-native lands, called alien plants (Pysek et al., 2004), have attracted the broad attention from various fields such as biology, ecology and economy. Some alien plants, often cultivated, provide food, fuel, fodder or medicine, whereas others cause negative impacts on a...
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What is Cholesterol and its Functions (how Work), types ,causes,treatments for high cholesterol , The Symptoms of high cholesterol, Lifestyle causes?

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What is Cholesterol ? Cholesterol is a fat (lipid) which is produced by the liver and is crucial for normal body functioning. Cholesterol is found in many foods, but we donot require it in our diet because the body can synthesize all we need. Cholesterol exists in the outer laver of every cell in our body and has many functions. It is a waxy steroid and is transported in the blood plasma of all animals. It is the main sterol synthesized by animals - small amounts are also Synthesized in plants and fungi. The word “cholesterol" comes from the Greek word chole, meaning “bile”, and the Greek word stereos, meaning “solid, stiff”.  Functions of cholesterol (How It works in our Body ?) 1. It builds and maintains cell membranes (outer layer), it prevents crystallization of hydrocarbons in the membrane.  2. It is essential for determining, which molecules can pass into the cell and which cannot (cell membrane permeability) . 3.   It is involved in the production of sex hormones...
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Conservation of biodiversity and the Holy Quran and a study

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  The Holy Quran is the word of Allah as transmitted by the Angel Gabriel (Jibrail), in Arabic language through Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) it is regarded as un-translatable since the Arabic language is in separable from its message. It is actually available in many other languages but these versions are regarded as interpretations rather than translations .           Although the Holy Quran is a religious book more than 1400 years old with a total of 6666 verses dealing with many aspects of regular life, about 1000 of those verses are of a scientific nature. There are more than 900 verses in the Holy Quran that can be related to relatively new scientific discoveries, which miraculously are said not to contradict the facts as we currently understand them. It reviews diverse scientific topics such as astronomy, geology, embryology, genetics, biology, archaeology, etc.  The Holy Quran has been revealed for the guidance of mankind and invites the people ...
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How to Write First Program in C Language ?understanding syntax & structure of C and writing method , Rules ?

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The Write First Program  in C Language ? Armed with the knowledge about the types of variables, constants & keywords the next logical step is to combine them to form instructions. However, instead of this, we would write our first C program now. Once we have done that we would see in detail the instructions that it made use of.  what are the Common Rules that are applicable to most of the programs languages ? C program rules that are applicable to most of the programs language :  Before we begin with our first C program do remember the following rules that are applicable to all C programs:  (a) Each instruction in a C program is written as a separate statement. Therefore, a complete  C program would comprise a series of statements.  (b)  The statements m a program must appear m the same order in which we wish them to be executed, unless of course the logic of the problem demands a deliberate ‘jump" or transfer of control to & statement, which i...
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What is The C Language character Set & about Constants ,Variables and keywords ?

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 The C Language character Set            A Character denotes any alphabet ,digit or special symbol used to represent information . Figure 2 shows the valid alphabets numbers and special symbols allowed in c. Constants, Variables and Keywords  The alphabets, numbers and special symbols when properly combined form constants, variables and keywords. Let us see what are ‘constants’ and ‘variables’ in C. A constant is an entity that doesn’t change, whereas, a variable is an entity that may change.  In any program we typically do lots of calculations. The results of these calculations are stored in computer’s memory. Like human memory, the computer’s memory also consists of millions of cells. The calculated values are stored in these memory cells. To make the retrieval and usage of these values easy these memory cells (also called memory locations) are given names. Since the value stored in each location may change the names given to these loc...
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What is the Meaning of Teacher Competence ?Challenges of Teaching Profession in the 21st Century?

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    Enhancing Competency in Teaching Profession            Teaching profession is the noblest profession.this Nobel profession is held as the steering force for the progress and development of the society and the driver of the force, i.e., the teachers is the most vital single factor in the system of education . teacher is called the maker of man.He/she can mould the habits, tastes and character of students by imparting knowledge and information .in order to discharge the duties effectively , they have to possess certain qualities like good academic background , professional efficiency, strong personality and so on. Besides these , a teacher should have the competence to perform the various functions like teaching ,planning ,organising,supervising,guiding,evaluating and recording.but teachers themselves require some kind of moulding as well to become professionally competent to perform their tasks.For this ,training becomes nec...
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What is thyroid eye disease ? thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), thyroid orbitopathy, Graves’ orbitopathy or Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO).

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What is thyroid eye disease ? thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), thyroid orbitopathy, Graves’ orbitopathy or Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) ? Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an eye condition that causes the muscles and soft tissues in and around your eye socket to swell. It usually happens when you have a problem with your thyroid gland. It may also be called thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), thyroid orbitopathy, Graves’ orbitopathy or Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). The ocular manifestation of thyroid eye diseases are manifolds. They may be present as thyrotoxicosis, lid retrac- tion, soft tissue involvement, proptosis and optic neuropathy.         The Thyrotoxicosis (Graves dis- eases)         Usually present with 3rd to 4thdecades of life, women are mostly effected than the men with involvement organ specific autoimmune disorders. Thyroid eye diseases may be present as a simple eye disco...
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Who discovered proton and neutron ? How to discovered proton and neutron ? What is canal ray? What is anode ray ? | Inorganic chemistry | chemistry.

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              Inorganic Chemistry |Chemistry   Discovery of Protons and Neutrons           Electrical discharge carried out in the modified cathode ray tube led to the discovery of canal rays and anode rays carrying positively charged particles. The characteristics of these positively charged particles are listed below.      (i) Unlike cathode rays, mass of positively charged particles depends upon the nature of gas present in the cathode ray tube. These are simply the positively charged gaseous ions.       (ii) The charge to mass ratio of the particles depends on the gas from which these originate.       (iii) Some of the positively charged particles carry a multiple of the fundamental unit of electrical charge.      (iv) The behaviour of these particles in the magnetic or electrical field is opposite to that observed for electron or cathode rays. ...
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Who discovered electron ? How to discovered electron ? What is cathode ray discharge tube ? What is cathode ray and cathode ray particles ? | Inorganic chemistry | Chemistry.

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                Inorganic chemistry | Chemistry   Discovery of Electron                   In 1830, Michael Faraday showed that if electricity is passed through a solution of an electrolyte, chemical reactions occurred at the electrodes, which resulted in the liberation and deposition of matter at the electrodes. These results suggested the particulate nature of electricity.           In mid 1850s many scientists mainly Faraday began to study electrical discharge in partially evacuated tubes, known as cathode ray discharge tubes . A cathode ray tube is made of glass containing two thin pieces of metal, called electrodes, sealed in it. The electrical discharge through the gases could be observed only at very low pressures and at very high voltages. The pressure of different gases could be adjusted by evacuation of the glass tubes. When sufficiently high vo...
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Monetary Policy of Malaysia

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  Monetary Policy in Malaysia             Prior to the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, the Malaysian ringgit was an internationalized currency, which was freely traded around the world. Just before the crisis, the Ringgit was traded RM2.50 at the dollar. Due to speculative activities, the Ringgit fell as much as RM5.00 to the dollar in matter of weeks. Bank Negara Malaysia, the nation's central banks decided to impose capital controls to prevent the outflow of the Ringgit in the open market. The Ringgit is not traded internationally, a traveller needs to declare to the central bank if taking out more than RM10,000 out of the country and the Ringgit itself was pegged at RM3.80 to the US dollar. The fixed change rate was abandoned to floating exchange rate in July 2005, hours after People's Republic of China announced the same move. At this point, the Ringgit is still not internationalized. The Ringgit continue to strengthen to 3.18 to the dollar in March 2...
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Architecture and sculptures of Assam

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Architecture and Sculpture Assam has a rich heritage of architecture and sculpture from ancient times. The manuscripts or inscriptions, remains of temples or shrines and old mementoes remind us the rich legacy of these art forms. The stone gate of Do-parbotia at Sonitpur is the example of oldest architecture discoveree till now. We find the es- sence of early Gupta era architecture in this gate.                         Umachal Silalipi discovered on Nilachal hills at Guwahati is the oldest inscription found till date. Many palaces or me- mentoes were built in ancient Kamrup under the auspices of various royal dynasties. Most of them got ruined with the passage of time. Among them the Siddheswari temple at Kamrup district is worthy of mention. The influence of South Indian architecture is seen in this temple.          After that...
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About Kuwait and Kuwait City - Infrastructures, Tourist Spots, Population Pattern, Climate, Natural Resource, Currency , Educational facilities

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Preface: I had a rare chance to go to Kuwait and stay there for about one and half year. This chance came to me and our family as my father was given an overseas assignment in Kuwait during the period 2008-2010 Now through this article I am going to share my experience of Kuwait which I will cherish all my life.  Geographical and General features of Kuwait:  Kuwait is a small country located in the Middle Easton bank of the Persian Gulf and between Iraq and Saudi Arabia. It is a desert country with intensely hot summers and short, cool winters, The terrain varies minimally, between flat, sandy and slightly undulating desert plains. The area of the country is only 17800 square KM. However there are few oases where vegetables, lakhs of date trees etc are grown and poultry are bred. Kuwait is an Islamic sovereign country run by elected parliament and the King. Now women can also take part in clection process and contest in the election process.  Population Pattern:  Kuw...
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A healthy heart

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Get a healthy heart Follow these mantras to keep your heart healthy- There’s no denying the fact that heart health is of utmost importance. And before we land up at the doctor’s chamber, it is essential that we take care of ourselves in all the ways possible. Some of the most basic steps we can take in this regard are: Exercise regularly Adults need at least 30 minutes of exercise five or more days a week for a healthy heart. Try to get at least 30 minutes of exercise daily and break it up, if you like. You should get your heart rate up so that you are somewhat breathless, but can still carry on a conversation. All kinds of exercises are important, from strength training and aerobics, to flexibility and stretching. Food rules  1) Limit bad fat : Eat less saturated fat. You can reduce your risk of heart disease by half. Start by switching to low-fat meat and dairy, and change to healthier fats like olive and canola oils.  2) Cut the salt : Cook with less salt, limit proce...
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