What is isobars and isotopes ? What is protium, deuterium and tritium ? |Inorganic chemistry | Chemistry .

-

  Isobars and Isotopes

           The composition of any atom can be represented by using the normal element symbol (X) with super-script on the left hand side as the atomic mass number (A) and subscript (Z) on the left hand side as the atomic number .

            Isobars are the atoms with same mass number but different atomic number for example, ¹⁴6C  and ¹⁷7N. On the other hand, atoms

with identical atomic number but different atomic mass number are known as Isotopes. In other words, it is evident that difference between the isotopes is due to the presence of different number of neutrons present in the nucleus. For example, considering of hydrogen atom again, 99.985% of hydrogen atoms contain only one proton. This isotope is called protium (¹1H). Rest of the percentage of hydrogen atom contains two other isotopes, the one containing 1 proton and 1 neutron is called deuterium (²1D, 0.015%) and the other one possessing 1 proton and 2 neutrons is called tritium (³1T ). The latter isotope is found in trace amounts on the earth. Other examples of commonly occuring isotopes are: carbon atoms containing 6, 7 and 8 neutrons besides 6 protons (¹²6C, ¹³6C, ¹⁴6C ); chlorine atoms containing 18 and 20 neutrons besides 17 protons (³⁵17Cl,³⁷17Cl). 

            Lastly an important point to mention regarding isotopes is that chemical properties of atoms are controlled by the number of electrons, which are determined by the number of protons in the nucleus. Number of neutrons present in the nucleus have very little effect on the chemical properties of an element. Therefore, all the isotopes of a given element show same chemical behaviour.

Comments

Post a Comment

Trending now

What is Investment Regulations and Policy Framework of Malaysia ?

-
  Investment Regulations and Policy Framework of Malaysia             Despite of the fact that the NEP goal of 30 per cent foreign ownership was not reached in 1990. The Malaysian government encourages FDI in most industrial areas. This is particularly true when opportunities for Bumiputras are enhanced. Moreover, export enhancing FDI has been denoted as the engine to growth in the private sector (Jayasankaran 1995: 44).     Major Investment Incentives               Malaysian FDI incentives are in close coherence with the economic policy framework and can be considered competitive in comparison to other nations. The liberalization processes in foreign exchange controls and in trade together with stable political and economic conditions, served as major incentives to FDI. In addition, there are major tax incentives through the Pioneer Status and Investment Tax Allowance. The Pioneer Status, gives a foreign in...
Read more

Nature as depicted in the Kalidasa's literature

-
Image
                                   Kalidasa is regarded as the most sparkling star of Sanskrit literature. He is a genius poet with extraordinary poetic talent and literary power. Kalidasa has the credit to compose three dramas, namely - Abhijnanasakuntalam', 'Malavikagnimitram' and Vikramorvasiyam'.Beside these dramas ,he also created tow Mahakavyas , viz. 'Raghuvamsam' and 'Khandakavyas , viz. Meghaduta ' and 'Ritusamhara'. All his creations are very unique and heart touching. kalidasa's descriptive power is unbeatable. he describes all the the situations so lively that when someone goes through his writings, he feels as if it were happen really .          "  M an is a child of nature .Since the dawn of human civilization man has relationship with nature. "           Ancient human civilization was intimately related w...
Read more

The Government's Economic Policy of Malaysia

-
  The Government's Economic Policy of Malaysia           Malaysia is the second fastest growing economy in the outh Asian region with an average Gross National Product (GNP) growth of eight-plus per cent per vear in the last seven years. Since independence in 1957, Malaysia has moved from an agriculturally based economy a more diversified and export oriented one. The Malaysian market is Tairly openly oriented, with cantts only averaging approximately fifteen per cent and almost non existent non tanil barriers and foreign exchange controls. The open trade based economy is supported by the fact that the total two way trade almost amounts to 120 per cent of the GNP (1994). Together with a stable political environment, increasing per capita income, and the potential for regional integration throughout the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Malaysia is an attractive prospect for FDI (refer to Tables 1, 2, 3 and Graph I for relevant economic indicat...
Read more

How to Write First Program in C Language ?understanding syntax & structure of C and writing method , Rules ?

-
Image
The Write First Program  in C Language ? Armed with the knowledge about the types of variables, constants & keywords the next logical step is to combine them to form instructions. However, instead of this, we would write our first C program now. Once we have done that we would see in detail the instructions that it made use of.  what are the Common Rules that are applicable to most of the programs languages ? C program rules that are applicable to most of the programs language :  Before we begin with our first C program do remember the following rules that are applicable to all C programs:  (a) Each instruction in a C program is written as a separate statement. Therefore, a complete  C program would comprise a series of statements.  (b)  The statements m a program must appear m the same order in which we wish them to be executed, unless of course the logic of the problem demands a deliberate ‘jump" or transfer of control to & statement, which i...
Read more

Parts Of A Computer and their functions (What they do , how they work ?)

-
Image
Parts Of A Computer  and their functions A computer system is made up of hardware and software. Hardware means the physical parts of the computer and software Shears the computer programs that are run on the computer.  The hardware of a computer is classified into three categories -- 1. Input Device  2. Processing Unit, and  3. Output Devices  INPUT DEVICES  : 1. KEYBOARD  The keyboard resembles a typewriter. But there are addmonal keys that handie control functions. The computer keyboard has three categories of keys—~  Alphanumeric keys  Special Keys  Function Keys The Alphanumeric Keys: The Alphanumeric Keys comprise alphabets (A-Z or a-z) ,Numbers (0-9) and other characters like space.  .  /  > < ' " ;  :  ~ @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) + | \ { } [ ] .  The Special Keys : The Special Keys perform specific tasks. Some of the special” keys are Enter or the Return Key, Backspace Key, Del Key, the Ins Key...
Read more

Subsidies and Price Controls of Malaysia

-
  Subsidies and Price Controls of Malaysia           The Malaysian government subsidizes and control prices on a lot of essential items to keep the prices low. Items such as palm oil, cooking oil, petrol, flour, bread, rice and other essentials has been kept under market prices to keep cost of living low. In 2008, the government announced that it has spent RM40.1 billion in 2007 in subsidies to keep prices levelled. Smuggling and hoarding, which led to shortages, is a prominent problem in Malaysia due to the subsidies. For example, cooking oil is subsidised for domestic use only. This situation creates an environment where industrial players hoard domestic cooking oil for industrial use. During shortage time, such as the January 2008 cooking oil crisis, the government imposed a 5 kg limit for each purchase to relief domestic demand. However, the limited purchase has created more panic in buying, which prompted the Government to negotiate with cooking oil ma...
Read more